Water Purification Options for NZ Backcountry Hikes

New Zealand’s backcountry offers stunning landscapes and unparalleled hiking experiences. However, access to safe drinking water can be a challenge. Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and other nasties can ruin your trip if you’re not careful. This article explores various water purification methods to keep you hydrated and healthy on your next Kiwi adventure.

Why Purify Water in the Backcountry?

Even seemingly clear water sources in the backcountry can harbor harmful microorganisms. These can cause gastrointestinal illnesses, leading to dehydration and potentially serious health issues. Protecting yourself from these risks is crucial for a safe and enjoyable hiking experience.

Water Purification Methods

Choosing the right water purification method depends on factors like weight, cost, group size, and the clarity of the water source. Here’s a breakdown of popular options:

Boiling

Boiling is one of the simplest and most effective ways to purify water. Heat kills most harmful bacteria, viruses, and protozoa.

How it works: Bring water to a rolling boil for at least one minute. At higher altitudes (above 2000 meters), boil for three minutes.
Pros: Simple, reliable, no special equipment needed (if you’re already cooking).
Cons: Requires fuel, time-consuming, doesn’t remove sediment or improve taste.
Best for: Situations where fuel is readily available, and weight is not a primary concern.

Water Filter Pumps

Water filter pumps force water through a filter that removes particles, bacteria, and protozoa. Many filters also include activated carbon to improve taste and reduce chemicals.

How it works: Submerge the intake hose in the water source and pump water through the filter into your water bottle or container.
Pros: Relatively fast, removes sediment, some models remove viruses.
Cons: Can be heavy and bulky, requires maintenance (cleaning and replacing filters), can be prone to clogging.
Best for: Groups, base camps, or situations where you need to filter large quantities of water.

Water Filter Bottles

Water filter bottles integrate a filter directly into a water bottle. You simply fill the bottle and drink through the filter.

How it works: Water passes through the filter as you suck on the mouthpiece.
Pros: Convenient, lightweight, easy to use.
Cons: Limited capacity, can be slow to filter, filter needs replacement.
Best for: Solo hikers, day trips, or situations where you need a convenient and lightweight option.

Water Purification Tablets

Water purification tablets typically contain chlorine dioxide or iodine, which kill bacteria, viruses, and protozoa.

How it works: Add the tablet to the water and wait for the recommended time (usually 30 minutes).
Pros: Lightweight, compact, inexpensive, easy to use.
Cons: Can leave an unpleasant taste, not effective against all organisms (Cryptosporidium is resistant to iodine), may not remove sediment.
Best for: Emergency situations, lightweight backpacking, or as a backup method.

UV Water Purifiers

UV water purifiers use ultraviolet light to kill bacteria, viruses, and protozoa by disrupting their DNA.

How it works: Submerge the UV lamp in the water and activate it for the recommended time (usually 60-90 seconds).
Pros: Lightweight, fast, no chemicals, doesn’t affect taste.
Cons: Requires batteries, doesn’t remove sediment, can be expensive, effectiveness can be reduced in cloudy water.
Best for: Clear water sources, situations where taste is a concern, or as a backup method.

Gravity Water Filters

Gravity water filters use gravity to filter water through a large filter. They consist of a dirty water bag, a filter, and a clean water bag.

How it works: Fill the dirty water bag and hang it above the clean water bag. Gravity forces the water through the filter and into the clean water bag.
Pros: Large capacity, requires minimal effort, good for groups.
Cons: Can be bulky, requires a suitable place to hang the dirty water bag, can be slow.
Best for: Groups, base camps, or situations where you need to filter large quantities of water with minimal effort.

Pre-Filtering Water

Regardless of your chosen purification method, it’s always a good idea to pre-filter the water to remove sediment and debris. This can be done by using a bandana, coffee filter, or dedicated pre-filter. Pre-filtering helps to improve the effectiveness of your purification method and extend the life of your filter or UV lamp.

Considerations for New Zealand Backcountry

Giardia and Cryptosporidium: These are common waterborne pathogens in New Zealand. Ensure your chosen purification method is effective against them. Iodine tablets are not effective against Cryptosporidium.
Water Clarity: Many rivers and streams in New Zealand are fed by glaciers and can be silty. Pre-filtering is especially important in these areas.
Regulations: Be aware of any local regulations regarding water usage and purification in the areas you plan to hike.
Leave No Trace: Dispose of wastewater responsibly, away from water sources.

Tips for Safe Water Purification

Read the Instructions: Always read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions for your chosen purification method.
Test Your Equipment: Before heading out on a trip, test your water purification equipment to ensure it is working properly.
Carry a Backup: It’s always a good idea to carry a backup water purification method in case your primary method fails.
Store Water Properly: Store purified water in clean containers to prevent recontamination.
Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day, especially when hiking in hot weather.

Making a Choice

The best water purification method for you depends on your individual needs and preferences. Consider the following factors when making your decision:

Weight: How much weight are you willing to carry?
Cost: How much are you willing to spend?
Group Size: Are you hiking solo or with a group?
Water Clarity: What is the clarity of the water sources you expect to encounter?
Ease of Use: How easy is the method to use?

By carefully considering these factors, you can choose a water purification method that will keep you safe and hydrated on your next New Zealand backcountry hike. Enjoy the stunning scenery, knowing you’re well-prepared for the challenges of the trail!