Peru — Huaraz
Ascend to Punta Union Pass on this demanding 32km trek through Peru's Cordillera Blanca. This 3-4 day route traverses rugged alpine terrain, revealing turquoise glacial lakes and snow-capped peaks. Expect challenging ascents and remote wilderness vistas on this high-altitude Andean adventure.
Distance: 32.0 km
Elevation Gain: 1200 m
Difficulty: Challenging
Duration: 3-4 days
The Punta Union Pass Trail is a spectacular multi-day trek nestled within Peru's breathtaking Cordillera Blanca mountain range, part of the Andes. This challenging yet immensely rewarding route offers hikers an unparalleled immersion into high-altitude alpine scenery, traversing dramatic passes, skirting turquoise glacial lakes, and passing through remote Andean communities. It is a journey that demands physical resilience and a spirit of adventure, promising vistas of snow-capped peaks, vast glacial expanses, and the raw beauty of the Peruvian Andes. The trail is renowned for its accessibility from the popular trekking hub of Huaraz, making it a prime destination for those seeking an authentic high-altitude trekking experience without the extreme remoteness of some other Andean routes.
The Punta Union Pass Trail is a quintessential Cordillera Blanca trek, offering a concentrated dose of high-altitude beauty over a manageable distance. The trail typically begins in the lush, agricultural valley of Cashapampa and ascends steadily towards the stark, majestic alpine environment. The highlight of the trek is undoubtedly Punta Union Pass itself, perched at an impressive 4,750 metres (4,750 m). From this vantage point, hikers are treated to panoramic views of the surrounding peaks, including the iconic Nevado Pisco and the formidable Nevado Huascarán, Peru's highest mountain. The descent often leads through the equally stunning Parón Valley, home to the largest glacial lake in the Cordillera Blanca, Laguna Parón.
This trek is characterised by its dramatic elevation changes and the stark contrast between the lower valley ecosystems and the high alpine zones. Expect to walk through agricultural terraces, past small rural villages, and then into landscapes dominated by scree slopes, moraines, and the ever-present glacial ice. The air is thin, and the sun is intense, requiring careful preparation and acclimatisation. The dry season, from May to September, offers the most stable weather conditions, with clear blue skies and minimal rainfall, though temperatures can drop significantly at night. The trail is well-defined in most sections, but its challenging nature comes from the altitude, steep ascents and descents, and the potential for unpredictable mountain weather.
The Punta Union Pass Trail is often completed as a loop, starting in Cashapampa and finishing in the Parón Valley, or vice versa. It can be undertaken with a guided tour or independently, provided one has strong navigation skills and experience with high-altitude trekking. The journey is a true test of endurance and a profound encounter with the raw, untamed beauty of the Peruvian Andes.
The Cordillera Blanca region, where the Punta Union Pass Trail is located, has a rich history stretching back thousands of years. Ancient Andean civilisations, including the Wari and later the Inca, traversed these mountains, utilising the high pastures for their livestock and the mountain passes for trade and communication. Evidence of ancient agricultural terraces and ceremonial sites can still be found in some of the valleys, hinting at the long-standing human presence and adaptation to this challenging environment.
In more recent history, the Cordillera Blanca became a focal point for mountaineering and trekking in the mid-20th century. European and North American climbers were drawn to the region's numerous high peaks, many of which were relatively unclimbed. The development of trekking routes, like the one that forms the Punta Union Pass Trail, was a natural extension of this burgeoning interest in the Andes. Local communities, often descendants of the ancient peoples who have lived in these valleys for centuries, have historically relied on agriculture and animal husbandry. Their way of life remains deeply connected to the land and the rhythms of the seasons, offering trekkers a glimpse into a traditional Andean existence.
The establishment of Huascarán National Park in 1975 was a crucial step in protecting the unique biodiversity and geological wonders of the Cordillera Blanca. This designation has helped to preserve the pristine nature of areas like the Punta Union Pass Trail, ensuring that its dramatic landscapes and ecological significance are maintained for future generations. The park encompasses a vast area, including Peru's highest peak, Nevado Huascarán, and numerous glaciers, lakes, and valleys, making it a vital natural heritage site.
The Cordillera Blanca experiences two primary seasons: the dry season (May to September) and the wet season (October to April). The Punta Union Pass Trail is best undertaken during the dry season, which offers the most favourable conditions for trekking.
Dry Season (May to September): This period is characterised by clear, sunny days and cold nights. Rainfall is minimal, and the skies are typically a brilliant blue, offering excellent visibility of the surrounding peaks. This is the ideal time for high-altitude trekking, as the trails are generally dry and the risk of encountering heavy snow on the passes is significantly reduced. However, temperatures can plummet well below freezing at night, especially at higher elevations and campsites. Daytime temperatures can be pleasant in direct sunlight, but shade can be surprisingly cold. Sandflies are generally not an issue during this season.
Wet Season (October to April): This season brings frequent rainfall, often in the form of heavy afternoon thunderstorms. While mornings can sometimes be clear, the weather can change rapidly, making trekking more challenging and potentially dangerous. Trails can become muddy and slippery, and visibility can be severely reduced. Glacial lakes can swell, and river crossings may become more hazardous. Snowfall is also more likely at higher elevations, potentially blocking passes. For these reasons, trekking in the Cordillera Blanca is generally not recommended during the wet season.
Shoulder Seasons (April and October): These months can offer a transition between the two main seasons. You might experience a mix of weather, with some clear days and some rain. It's possible to trek during these times, but flexibility and preparedness for varied conditions are essential. The risk of encountering snow on the passes might be higher than in the peak dry season.
Day 1: Cashapampa (2,900 m) to Ichicococha (4,000 m)
Day 2: Ichicococha (4,000 m) to Geshgash (4,200 m) via Punta Union Pass (4,750 m)
Day 3: Geshgash (4,200 m) to Laguna Parón (4,200 m) and return to Huaraz
Day 1: Cashapampa (2,900 m) to Geshgash (4,200 m)
Day 2: Geshgash (4,200 m) to Punta Union Pass (4,750 m) and camp near Laguna Geshgash (4,200 m)
Day 3: Camp near Laguna Geshgash (4,200 m) to Laguna Parón (4,200 m)
Day 4: Laguna Parón (4,200 m) and return to Huaraz
Important Notes:
The Punta Union Pass Trail is located in the Cordillera Blanca, a region renowned for its high-altitude trekking. Proper preparation is paramount for a safe and enjoyable experience. Huaraz, situated at 3,052 metres, serves as the primary gateway and logistical hub for treks in this area. It is essential to spend at least 2-3 days in Huaraz before commencing the trek to acclimatise to the altitude. During this time, you can arrange for guides, porters, pack animals, and purchase any last-minute supplies. The road access to the trailhead at Cashapampa is rough and unpaved, typically requiring a taxi or a shared colectivo from Huaraz. It is advisable to pre-book your transport, especially for the return journey from Laguna Parón, as services can be infrequent.
This is a multi-day camping trek. There are no established huts or lodges along the Punta Union Pass Trail. Trekkers are required to camp in designated or suitable wild camping spots. Common campsites are located near lakes or in sheltered areas within the valleys.
Typical Campsites:
Campsite Facilities:
What's NOT Provided:
Seasonal Availability: Camping is possible throughout the dry season (May to September). During the wet season, camping is not recommended due to heavy rainfall and potential hazards.
Costs: There are no direct costs for camping itself, as these are natural sites. However, costs are associated with guides, porters, pack animals, transport, and park entrance fees if applicable (though this specific trail may not require a formal park entrance fee like some other treks in the region, it's always wise to check locally). A rough estimate for a guided trek with full services can range from $300-$600 USD per person for a 3-4 day trek, depending on the operator and inclusions.
For the Punta Union Pass Trail, formal permits are generally not required in the same way as for some of the more established national park treks in Peru, such as the Inca Trail. However, it is crucial to be aware of the regulations within the Cordillera Blanca region, which is largely protected by the Huascarán National Park. While you may not need to purchase a specific "Punta Union Pass permit" in advance, you will likely need to pay an entrance fee to Huascarán National Park. This fee is typically paid in Huaraz at the park's administrative offices or through your tour operator.
Huascarán National Park Entrance Fee:
Booking with a Tour Operator: If you are trekking with a guided tour, the park entrance fee and any other necessary permits will almost always be included in the package price. Your tour operator will handle the logistics of obtaining these permits on your behalf.
Independent Trekkers: If you are trekking independently, you must ensure you obtain the correct park entrance ticket before starting your trek. Failure to do so could result in fines or being denied access. You can usually purchase these tickets at the National Park office in Huaraz.
Registration: While not a formal permit, it is highly recommended for independent trekkers to register their itinerary with the National Police or the National Park office in Huaraz before setting off. This is a safety measure in case of emergencies.
Important Note: Regulations can change. Always confirm the latest permit and fee requirements with official sources in Huaraz before your trek.
Detailed route notes, maps, logistics & tips for the Punta Union Pass Trail (PDF).
Precisely traced GPX for the Punta Union Pass Trail, ready for your GPS or favourite mapping app.
Huaraz and the surrounding Cordillera Blanca offer a wealth of activities for adventurers and nature lovers:
Altitude Sickness (Soroche): This is the most significant risk on the Punta Union Pass Trail. Symptoms can include headache, nausea, dizziness, and fatigue. Prevention is key: acclimatise properly in Huaraz for 2-3 days before starting, ascend gradually, stay hydrated, avoid alcohol and heavy meals on the first few days, and consider consulting your doctor about altitude medication (e.g., Diamox). If symptoms worsen, descend immediately.
Weather: While the dry season offers generally stable weather, conditions in the high mountains can change rapidly. Be prepared for strong winds, sudden temperature drops, and potential snow or hail, even during sunny days. Always check the mountain forecast before departing and be ready to adjust your plans.
Trail Conditions: The trail can be steep, rocky, and loose, especially on the ascents and descents around Punta Union Pass. Trekking poles are highly recommended to aid stability and reduce knee strain. In the wet season, trails can become muddy and slippery, and river crossings more hazardous.
Navigation: While the main trail is generally well-defined, it is crucial to have reliable navigation skills or a knowledgeable guide. Visibility can be severely reduced by fog or snow, making it easy to get lost. Carry a map, compass, and/or GPS device, and know how to use them.
Water: Glacial streams are the primary water source. Always purify water using a filter, purification tablets, or by boiling. Never drink untreated water.
Pack Animals: If using mules or horses for transport, ensure they are handled by experienced handlers. Be aware of their presence on the trail and give them plenty of space.
Emergency Procedures: Inform someone in Huaraz of your itinerary and expected return date. Consider carrying a personal locator beacon (PLB) or satellite phone for remote areas. Know the emergency contact numbers for the National Police and Huascarán National Park.
Physical Fitness: This trek is challenging and requires a good level of physical fitness and endurance, especially due to the high altitude. Train adequately before your trip.
Punta Union Pass (4,750 m): The undisputed highlight of the trek. Reaching this pass offers a breathtaking reward: a 360-degree panorama of the Cordillera Blanca's most iconic peaks. You'll see Nevado Pisco, Nevado Huascarán (Peru's highest mountain), and numerous other glaciated giants. The sheer scale and beauty of the landscape from this vantage point are unforgettable. Take ample time here to acclimatise to the altitude and soak in the views.
Laguna Ichicococha: A beautiful high-altitude lake that often serves as the first night's campsite. Its serene waters reflect the surrounding mountains, providing a picturesque setting for an evening or morning camp. The lake is a testament to the glacial forces that have shaped this landscape.
Laguna Geshgash: Similar to Ichicococha, this lake is another stunning feature of the trek, often visited on the second day. Its vibrant turquoise colour, fed by glacial meltwater, contrasts sharply with the rugged, rocky terrain.
Laguna Parón (4,200 m): The largest glacial lake in the Cordillera Blanca, Laguna Parón is a spectacular destination. Its intense turquoise waters are surrounded by towering peaks, including Pirámide, Artesonraju, and Huandoy. The lake is easily accessible by road, making it a popular spot, but arriving via the trek offers a more profound connection to the landscape.
Glacial Moraines and Crevasses: As you ascend towards Punta Union Pass, you will traverse ancient glacial moraines—piles of rock and debris left behind by retreating glaciers. Keep an eye out for the dramatic formations and the ever-present glacial ice, a stark reminder of the powerful geological processes at play.
Andean Flora and Fauna: While the higher altitudes are sparse, keep an eye out for hardy alpine plants adapted to the harsh conditions. You might also spot Andean condors soaring overhead or vicuñas (wild relatives of llamas) grazing in the distance, though sightings are more common in lower valleys.
The Cordillera Blanca is a fragile alpine environment, and it is crucial for all trekkers to practice Leave No Trace principles to minimise their impact. The beauty of the Punta Union Pass Trail lies in its pristine, wild nature, and it is our collective responsibility to preserve it.
Plan Ahead and Prepare: Understand the regulations, know your route, and be prepared for the conditions. This includes acclimatising properly to the altitude and carrying appropriate gear.
Travel and Camp on Durable Surfaces: Stick to established trails and camp in designated or durable areas. Avoid camping on fragile vegetation or near water sources. In this region, this means using existing campsites or areas with sparse vegetation.
Dispose of Waste Properly: Pack out everything you pack in, including all food scraps, wrappers, and toilet paper. Human waste should be disposed of properly by burying it at least 15-20 cm deep and 60 m (60 metres) away from water, trails, and campsites. In some sensitive areas, packing out human waste may be required.
Leave What You Find: Do not remove any natural objects, such as rocks, plants, or cultural artefacts. Take only photographs and memories.
Minimise Campfire Impacts: Campfires are generally prohibited in the high Andes due to the risk of wildfires and the slow regeneration of alpine vegetation. Use a portable stove for cooking.
Respect Wildlife: Observe wildlife from a distance and never feed animals. Feeding them can disrupt their natural behaviours and diets, and can be harmful to their health.
Be Considerate of Other Visitors: Keep noise levels down, especially in campsites and on the trail. Yield to pack animals and other trekkers.
Adhering to these principles ensures that the Cordillera Blanca remains a spectacular destination for generations to come.
