Canada — Victoria
Hike Canada's Gulf Islands Coastal Path, a 78km moderate route through the Salish Sea. This unique archipelago odyssey links rugged shorelines, emerald forests, and sun-drenched ridges over 4-5 days. Traverse varied terrain across this "Mediterranean" microclimate for a truly distinct North American walking experience.
Distance: 78.0 km
Elevation Gain: 1200 m
Difficulty: Moderate
Duration: 4-5 days
The Gulf Islands Coastal Path is a breathtaking multi-day journey through the heart of the Salish Sea, weaving together the rugged shorelines, emerald forests, and sun-drenched ridges of Canada’s Southern Gulf Islands. Spanning approximately 78 kilometres across an archipelago known for its unique "Mediterranean" microclimate, this route offers a hiking experience unlike any other in North America. Unlike traditional linear trails, the Coastal Path is a curated odyssey that utilizes the region’s intricate ferry system to link the most spectacular coastal segments of Galiano, Mayne, and the Pender Islands. It is a journey through a landscape defined by the tides, where the scent of salt air mingles with the resinous perfume of Douglas fir and the peeling red bark of the iconic Arbutus tree. This is not merely a walk; it is an immersion into a delicate island ecosystem where the pace of life is dictated by the rhythm of the water and the arrival of the next ferry.
The Gulf Islands Coastal Path represents the pinnacle of island trekking in British Columbia. Situated in the rain shadow of Vancouver Island’s mountains and the Olympic Peninsula, these islands enjoy significantly less rainfall than the nearby mainland, creating a sanctuary for rare flora and fauna. The trail system is a masterclass in ecological diversity. One hour you may find yourself traversing a windswept sandstone gallery where the waves have carved intricate honeycombs into the rock; the next, you are climbing through a Garry oak meadow—one of the most endangered ecosystems in Canada—where wildflowers like camas and chocolate lilies bloom in profusion during the spring months.
The experience is defined by its "broken" nature. Because the path spans multiple islands, the logistics of the journey become part of the adventure. Hikers must navigate the waters of Active Pass and Navy Channel, often spotting pods of Southern Resident Killer Whales (Orcas), humpback whales, or playful harbour seals from the deck of the ferry. On land, the trails range from the soft, needle-carpeted floors of old-growth forests to the exposed, sun-baked ridges of Mount Galiano, which offers a 360-degree panorama of the San Juan Islands in the United States and the snow-capped peaks of the Coast Mountains on the Canadian mainland.
While the elevation gain of 1,200 metres may seem modest compared to alpine treks, the "island miles" are earned through constant undulations and technical coastal sections. The terrain is often rocky and root-filled, requiring steady footwork. However, the reward is a sense of profound isolation and connection to the marine environment. In the evenings, the sun sets over the Salish Sea in a riot of orange and purple, and the bioluminescence in the water often provides a magical light show for those camping near the shore. This is a trail for the soul—a place to disconnect from the digital world and reconnect with the elemental forces of stone, sea, and sky.
The Gulf Islands, or the Southern Gulf Islands, are the ancestral and unceded territories of the Coast Salish peoples, including the Hul’qumi’num and SENĆOŦEN speaking nations. For thousands of years, these islands were not "wilderness" but a managed and highly productive landscape. The indigenous peoples established permanent winter villages and seasonal summer camps throughout the archipelago, utilizing the rich marine resources and terrestrial plants. Evidence of this long-standing relationship is visible today in the form of ancient shell middens—layers of discarded shells and organic material that have built up over millennia—and the presence of "sea gardens" or clam gardens, which were rock walls constructed in the intertidal zone to enhance shellfish productivity. The trails used today often follow the same ridgelines and coastal access points that have been used for generations for hunting, gathering, and spiritual practice.
European contact in the late 18th century brought Spanish and British explorers, whose names still dot the charts: Galiano, Valdes, and Vancouver. The 19th century saw the arrival of settlers who established orchards, sandstone quarries, and fishing outposts. Galiano Island, in particular, became known for its high-quality sandstone, which was used to build many of the historic buildings in Victoria and Vancouver. The development of the islands remained relatively slow compared to the mainland, preserved by the very water that made access difficult. This isolation allowed for the preservation of significant tracts of forest and coastline.
In 2003, the creation of the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve marked a turning point in the conservation of the region. This "patchwork" park protects over 35 square kilometres of land and water across 15 islands and numerous islets. The Coastal Path utilizes many of these protected areas, as well as provincial parks like Montague Harbour and Dionisio Point. Walking this path is a journey through time, where one can see the scars of old logging roads being reclaimed by the forest, the remnants of pioneer orchards, and the enduring presence of the Coast Salish people who continue to act as stewards of these islands.
Want more background? Read extended notes on history and cultural context → Learn more
The Gulf Islands are famous for their "Mediterranean" climate, characterized by warm, dry summers and mild, wet winters. This makes the Coastal Path a viable option for much of the year, though the experience changes dramatically with the seasons.
Summer (June to August): This is the peak season for the Coastal Path. The weather is consistently sunny, with temperatures ranging from 20°C to 28°C. The sea breezes provide a cooling effect, making for pleasant hiking conditions. This is the best time for swimming in the refreshing (if chilly) waters of the Salish Sea and for spotting marine wildlife. However, this is also the busiest time for ferries and campsites, requiring bookings months in advance. Water sources on the islands can dry up in late summer, making water management a critical safety concern.
Spring (April to May): Many locals consider this the best time to hike. The islands erupt in a spectacular display of wildflowers, particularly in the Garry oak meadows. The temperatures are mild (12°C to 18°C), and the air is crisp. While there is a higher chance of rain than in summer, the landscapes are lush and vibrant green. Migratory birds return to the islands, making it a paradise for birdwatchers.
Autumn (September to October): September offers the "Indian Summer" of the Gulf Islands, with warm days and cool, misty mornings. The crowds thin out, and the light takes on a golden, ethereal quality. By October, the rains begin to return, and the deciduous trees, like the Bigleaf Maple, provide splashes of yellow and orange against the evergreen backdrop.
Winter (November to March): While the islands rarely see significant snow, they receive the bulk of their annual precipitation during these months. Trails can become muddy and slippery, and the days are short. However, for the experienced hiker, winter offers a sense of total solitude. The ferries are quiet, and the dramatic winter storms provide a powerful perspective on the raw beauty of the coast. Proper waterproof gear and a high tolerance for dampness are essential.
Day 1: Galiano North - The Wild Coast
Day 2: Galiano Central - Ridges and Harbours
Day 3: Mayne Island - The Heart of the Pass
Day 4: North Pender - The High Points
Day 5: South Pender - The Southern Tip
Important Notes:
The Gulf Islands Coastal Path requires more logistical coordination than a standard wilderness trek due to the reliance on BC Ferries. Your itinerary is essentially built around the ferry schedule. It is vital to download the BC Ferries app and monitor real-time departures, as delays are common in the summer. Fitness requirements are moderate; while there are no high-altitude passes, the constant "up and down" of coastal terrain and the weight of a multi-day pack require good cardiovascular health and leg strength.
Victoria serves as the primary gateway. Most hikers fly into Victoria International Airport (YYJ) or arrive via ferry from Vancouver (Tsawwassen). Before heading to the islands, stock up on all specialized gear and dehydrated food in Victoria, as island grocery stores are small and expensive. Base yourself in the Sidney or Swartz Bay area the night before your start to catch the earliest possible ferry to Galiano Island.
Accommodation on the Coastal Path is a mix of provincial parks, national park reserves, and private options. Because the islands are popular tourist destinations, you cannot simply "wild camp" anywhere; you must stay in designated areas.
Huts and Shelters: There are no hiking huts or shelters on this trail. You must carry a tent or book roofed accommodation.
Key Campsites:
Booking Requirements: BC Parks (Montague, Dionisio) and Parks Canada (Prior Centennial, Shingle Bay) use online reservation systems. Bookings for the summer season typically open in early spring and sell out within minutes for weekends. Costs range from $10 to $30 per night depending on the site and residency status.
There is no single "trail permit" for the Gulf Islands Coastal Path. Instead, your "permits" consist of your individual campsite reservations and your ferry tickets. Because the path crosses through various jurisdictions (BC Parks, Parks Canada, and Regional Parks), you must manage multiple booking platforms.
Campsite Reservations:
Ferry Logistics:
Costs: Expect to spend approximately $150–$250 per person on a 5-day trip, covering all campsite fees and ferry transfers. This does not include food or transport to the ferry terminals.
Detailed route notes, maps, logistics & tips for the Gulf Islands Coastal Path (PDF).
Precisely traced GPX for the Gulf Islands Coastal Path, ready for your GPS or favourite mapping app.
The Gulf Islands are a vibrant cultural and recreational hub. If you have extra time, consider these additions:
Water Scarcity: This is the most significant safety risk on the Gulf Islands. Many islands experience severe drought in the summer. Do not rely on seasonal creeks marked on maps; they are often dry by July. Always carry more water than you think you need, and refill at every available potable source (marked in provincial parks).
Wildlife: While there are no grizzly bears or wolves on the Southern Gulf Islands, there is a small population of cougars and black bears (mostly on Galiano). More common are the hyper-abundant black-tailed deer, which can be bold around campsites. Store all food in bear-resistant containers or hang it to prevent attracting rodents and raccoons. Ticks are prevalent in the tall grasses and Garry oak meadows; check your body daily for ticks, as some carry Lyme disease.
Terrain and Weather: The sandstone cliffs can be extremely slippery when wet or covered in algae. Stay well back from cliff edges, as the rock can be crumbly. Heat exhaustion is a risk on the exposed ridges of Mount Galiano and Mount Norman; hike these sections in the early morning during heatwaves.
Ferry Reliability: Ferries can be cancelled due to high winds or mechanical issues. Always have a "Plan B" and enough extra food for 24 hours in case you are stranded on an island longer than expected.
Emergency Services: Dial 911 for emergencies. Each island has a volunteer fire department and a small medical clinic, but serious injuries will require a helicopter evacuation to Victoria or Vancouver.
Mount Galiano Summit: While part of the main itinerary, this is the "must-do" side trip if you are staying at Montague Harbour. The trail is well-maintained but steep. At the top, you are rewarded with a view that encompasses the entire San Juan archipelago and the Olympic Mountains. It is the perfect spot for a sunrise breakfast.
Georgina Point Lighthouse (Mayne Island): Located at the entrance to Active Pass, this historic lighthouse (built in 1885) is a prime spot for land-based whale watching. The currents in the pass are incredibly strong, and you can often see seals and sea lions struggling against the tide.
The "Hole in the Wall" (Galiano): A natural sea arch located near the northern end of the island. It requires a bit of scrambling at low tide to reach, but it is one of the most photographed geological features in the islands.
Roesland and Roe Lake (Pender): A peaceful detour into a freshwater ecosystem. Roe Lake is a rare upland lake on the islands, surrounded by lilies and home to a variety of waterfowl. The historic Roe House nearby provides a glimpse into the early 20th-century resort life on the islands.
The Gulf Islands ecosystem is incredibly fragile. The thin soils on the rocky ridges are easily eroded, and the rare plants found here can be destroyed by a single misplaced footstep. As a hiker, you are a guest in a sensitive biological sanctuary.
Core Principles for the Islands:
