Spain — Sóller
Walk Mallorca's Serra de Tramuntana on the GR221 Dry Stone Route, a 140km moderate trek through a UNESCO World Heritage landscape. This 7-10 day path winds past ancient dry-stone walls, terraced olive groves, and secluded villages, offering stunning panoramas of the Mediterranean. Traverse rugged highlands and discover the island's wild interior.
Distance: 140.0 km
Elevation Gain: 4500 m
Difficulty: Moderate
Duration: 7-10 days
The GR221, also known as the Ruta de Pedra en Sec (Dry Stone Route), is Mallorca's premier long-distance hiking trail. This spectacular route traverses the Serra de Tramuntana, a UNESCO World Heritage mountain range that forms the island's dramatic northwestern spine. Unlike coastal paths, the GR221 delves deep into the heart of Mallorca's rugged interior, showcasing ancient dry-stone walls, terraced olive groves, secluded villages, and breathtaking panoramic views of the Mediterranean Sea. It's a journey through history, culture, and stunning natural beauty, offering a profound connection to the island's rural soul.
The GR221 is a captivating trek that winds its way through the Serra de Tramuntana, a mountain range of dramatic limestone peaks, verdant valleys, and ancient human settlements. The route is a testament to the enduring relationship between people and the land, evident in the ubiquitous dry-stone walls that have shaped the landscape for centuries, supporting terraced agriculture and defining ancient pathways. These walls, constructed without mortar, are a remarkable feat of engineering and a defining characteristic of the trail.
The journey begins in the bustling coastal town of Port d'Andratx and heads inland, gradually ascending into the heart of the mountains. Hikers will traverse diverse terrain, from fragrant pine forests and rugged scrubland to high mountain passes offering sweeping vistas. The trail passes through picturesque villages like Estellencs, Banyalbufar, Deià, Valldemossa, Sóller, Fornalutx, Lluc Monastery, and Caimari, each offering a unique glimpse into Mallorcan culture, history, and gastronomy. These villages, often clinging precariously to hillsides, are havens of tranquility with their stone houses, narrow cobbled streets, and vibrant local life.
The GR221 is not just about the physical act of walking; it's an immersion into a living landscape. The scent of wild herbs, the sound of sheep bells, the sight of ancient olive trees twisted by time, and the ever-present backdrop of the Mediterranean Sea create a sensory feast. While the trail is well-marked, its mountainous terrain can be demanding, with significant ascents and descents. However, the rewards are immense: unparalleled natural beauty, a deep dive into Mallorcan heritage, and the satisfaction of completing a challenging and rewarding trek.
The Serra de Tramuntana has been inhabited for millennia, with evidence of human activity dating back to the Neolithic period. The dry-stone construction that characterises the GR221 is a direct legacy of the island's agricultural past, particularly from the Moorish period (902–1229) and the subsequent centuries. The Moors introduced sophisticated irrigation systems and terracing techniques, transforming the steep hillsides into productive farmland, primarily for olives and citrus fruits. The dry-stone walls were essential for retaining soil on these terraces, preventing erosion, and delineating property boundaries.
The route itself follows ancient pathways, shepherds' tracks, and old mule routes that have connected villages and farms for generations. These paths were vital for trade, communication, and daily life in a region where travel was often arduous. The construction of the GR221 as a marked long-distance trail is a more recent development, aimed at promoting sustainable tourism and preserving the cultural and natural heritage of the Serra de Tramuntana.
The region's history is also marked by periods of prosperity and hardship. The cultivation of olives, in particular, was a cornerstone of the Mallorcan economy for centuries, with the island's olive oil highly prized. The dry-stone walls are not merely functional; they are a cultural symbol, representing the resilience, ingenuity, and deep connection of the Mallorcan people to their land. The UNESCO World Heritage status, awarded in 2011, recognises the outstanding universal value of the Serra de Tramuntana as a cultural landscape shaped by the interaction between human activity and the natural environment over centuries.
The GR221 is best enjoyed during the spring and autumn months. These seasons offer a delightful balance of pleasant temperatures, blooming wildflowers, and fewer crowds.
Spring (April–May): This is arguably the most beautiful time to walk the GR221. The landscape bursts into vibrant colour with wildflowers carpeting the hillsides. Temperatures are mild, typically ranging from 15°C to 25°C, making for comfortable hiking conditions. The air is fresh, and the light is often soft and picturesque. However, spring can also bring unpredictable weather, with occasional rain showers possible.
Autumn (September–October): Similar to spring, autumn provides excellent hiking weather. Temperatures are warm but not excessively hot, usually between 20°C and 28°C. The sea is still warm enough for a dip, and the landscape takes on a golden hue as the olive harvest approaches. The risk of rain increases as the season progresses, but it is generally less frequent than in spring.
Summer (June–August): Hiking the GR221 in summer is not recommended for most. Daytime temperatures can soar above 30°C, making strenuous hiking extremely challenging and potentially dangerous due to dehydration and heatstroke. Water sources can also be scarce. If you must hike in summer, start very early, carry ample water, and focus on shorter sections or higher, shadier routes.
Winter (November–March): While cooler, winter can also be a viable time for hiking, especially for experienced walkers. Temperatures are generally mild, ranging from 10°C to 18°C. However, rainfall is more frequent, and higher sections of the trail can experience frost or even snow, particularly on north-facing slopes. Some refuges and rural accommodations may have reduced opening hours or be closed during the winter months, so advance booking and checking availability is crucial.
Day 1: Port d'Andratx to Estellencs
Day 2: Estellencs to Banyalbufar
Day 3: Banyalbufar to Valldemossa
Day 4: Valldemossa to Sóller
Day 5: Sóller to Refugi de Tossals Verds
Day 6: Refugi de Tossals Verds to Refugi de Son Amer (near Lluc Monastery)
Day 7: Refugi de Son Amer to Pollença
Alternative Itinerary (9-10 Days): For a more relaxed pace, consider adding an extra day in Sóller or Valldemossa, or breaking down the longer days into shorter segments. Some sections can be combined with public transport to shorten distances.
The GR221 is a well-established long-distance trail, but it requires careful planning, especially regarding accommodation. Unlike some European long-distance paths, there are no mandatory huts for the entire route. Instead, you'll rely on a mix of refuges, rural hotels (cases rurals), and guesthouses in the villages along the way. Booking accommodation well in advance is crucial, particularly during peak seasons (spring and autumn) and for weekends, as these options can fill up quickly.
Base Town/City Information:
Logistics: Consider how you will get to the start and from the end. Public buses are a cost-effective option, but check timetables carefully, especially for less frequent routes. Taxis are available but more expensive. If you are driving, parking can be limited in some villages; research options in advance.
The GR221 offers a variety of accommodation options, ranging from basic refuges to comfortable rural hotels.
Refuges:
Rural Hotels (Cases Rurals) and Guesthouses:
Campsites: Wild camping is generally not permitted in Mallorca, especially within the Serra de Tramuntana Natural Park. Designated campsites are rare along the GR221 route itself, so relying on official accommodation is advised.
What's NOT provided: Refuges typically do not provide towels, toiletries, or cooking equipment (though some may have communal kitchens). Rural hotels will provide standard hotel amenities. You will need to carry your own food for lunches and snacks unless you plan to eat in restaurants or purchase supplies in villages.
The GR221 itself does not require a specific permit to walk. It is a public long-distance trail. However, accommodation along the route, particularly in the refuges (Refugi de Tossals Verds and Refugi de Son Amer), requires advance booking. These refuges operate on a reservation system, and it is highly advisable to book your stays well in advance, especially during the popular spring and autumn seasons, and for weekend nights.
Accommodation Booking:
National Park Regulations: While no specific permit is needed for the trail, hikers are expected to adhere to the regulations of the Serra de Tramuntana Natural Park. This includes respecting the environment, not littering, staying on marked paths, and avoiding wild camping. Information on park regulations can usually be found on the Balearic Islands' environmental agency websites or local tourism offices.
No Permits for Day Hikes: If you are planning day hikes along sections of the GR221, no permits are required. Access to most trailheads is generally open.
Detailed route notes, maps, logistics & tips for the Gr221 Dry Stone (PDF).
Precisely traced GPX for the Gr221 Dry Stone, ready for your GPS or favourite mapping app.
The Serra de Tramuntana and its surrounding areas offer a wealth of activities beyond hiking the GR221:
Trail Conditions: The GR221 is generally well-marked with red and white GR markings and occasional yellow paint flashes. However, sections can be rocky, steep, and exposed. In wet weather, some paths can become slippery and treacherous. Always check local weather forecasts before setting out, as conditions can change rapidly in the mountains.
Water Availability: Water sources are generally reliable in villages and at the main refuges. However, between settlements, water can be scarce, especially during the summer months. Carry sufficient water (at least 2-3 litres per person) and consider a water filter or purification tablets as a backup.
Navigation: While the trail is marked, it is essential to carry a map and compass or a reliable GPS device. Fog can descend quickly in the mountains, reducing visibility to near zero. Familiarise yourself with the route and be prepared to navigate by compass if necessary.
Heat and Sun Exposure: During spring and autumn, temperatures can still be warm, and the sun can be intense. Protect yourself from sunburn and dehydration by wearing appropriate clothing, using sunscreen, and drinking plenty of water. Avoid hiking during the hottest part of the day in warmer months.
Wildlife: While large dangerous wildlife is not a concern, be aware of potential encounters with snakes (though generally shy) and insects, particularly mosquitoes and sandflies, especially near water sources or in the evenings. Ticks can also be present in grassy or wooded areas.
Emergency Contacts: The European emergency number is 112. Ensure your mobile phone is fully charged and consider carrying a power bank. Mobile signal can be intermittent in remote mountain areas, so do not rely on it for emergencies.
Accommodation Bookings: Reconfirm your accommodation bookings a few days before arrival, especially if you booked through a third party. This helps avoid any last-minute misunderstandings or cancellations.
Respect Local Culture: Dress modestly when visiting villages and monasteries. Be mindful of noise levels, especially in residential areas and during siesta hours.
Castell de Sant Elm: Located near the start of the trail in Port d'Andratx, these historic castle ruins offer panoramic views of the coastline and the bay. A worthwhile detour for history buffs and photographers.
Mirador de Ses Baranes: A stunning viewpoint offering expansive vistas over the terraced landscape and the Mediterranean Sea, particularly beautiful on the section between Estellencs and Banyalbufar.
Fornalutx: Often cited as one of Spain's most beautiful villages, Fornalutx is a short detour from the main GR221 route between Valldemossa and Sóller. Its narrow, cobbled streets, stone houses adorned with flowerpots, and picturesque central plaza make it a must-visit.
Barranc de Biniaraix: A dramatic gorge accessible from Fornalutx. While not directly on the GR221, it's a popular hiking destination for its rugged beauty and challenging terrain. The GR221 passes near its upper reaches.
Lluc Monastery (Santuari de Santa Maria de Lluc): A significant pilgrimage site and spiritual centre for Mallorca, located near Refugi de Son Amer. The monastery complex is beautiful and offers a peaceful respite. The botanical garden is also noteworthy.
Puig de Massanella: The second-highest peak in the Serra de Tramuntana (1,364 m). While not on the main GR221, it's accessible via a challenging detour from the route near Tossals Verds, offering spectacular 360-degree views of the island.
Calvari Steps, Pollença: The final landmark before reaching Pollença town centre. Climbing the 365 steps to the summit offers a rewarding view over the town and the surrounding countryside.
The GR221 traverses a precious natural and cultural landscape. Adhering to Leave No Trace principles is paramount to preserving its beauty and integrity for future generations.
Plan Ahead and Prepare: Research the trail, book accommodation in advance, and be aware of local regulations. Pack appropriately for the conditions and carry sufficient supplies.
Travel and Camp on Durable Surfaces: Stick to marked trails to avoid damaging fragile vegetation and soil. Avoid creating new paths. When resting, use existing clearings or rocky areas.
Dispose of Waste Properly: Pack out everything you pack in, including all food scraps, wrappers, and any other litter. Use designated bins in villages or carry your waste until you can dispose of it responsibly. Use toilet facilities in villages and refuges; if none are available, dig a cathole at least 60 metres away from water sources, trails, and campsites.
Leave What You Find: Do not remove plants, rocks, or historical artefacts. Take only photographs and memories.
Minimise Campfire Impacts: Campfires are generally prohibited in the Serra de Tramuntana due to fire risk. Use a portable stove for cooking.
Respect Wildlife: Observe wildlife from a distance. Do not feed animals, as this can disrupt their natural behaviour and diet. Store food securely to prevent attracting rodents or other animals.
Be Considerate of Other Visitors: Keep noise levels down, especially in villages and natural areas. Yield to other hikers and cyclists on the trail. Respect the local culture and traditions.
