Argentina — Mendoza
Confluencia to Plaza Francia, Argentina: A demanding 18km high-altitude walk, this rugged section of the Aconcagua Normal Route offers spectacular alpine panoramas. Ascend through remote wilderness, traversing scree slopes and valleys towards Plaza Francia, a vital acclimatisation stage for ambitious mountaineers. Allow 2-3 days for this challenging, scenic stretch.
Distance: 18.0 km
Elevation Gain: 800 m
Difficulty: Challenging
Duration: 2-3 days
The trek from Confluencia to Plaza Francia is a vital and breathtaking segment of the journey towards Aconcagua, the highest peak in the Americas and the highest mountain outside of Asia. This route is not a standalone multi-day trek in the traditional sense but rather a challenging and rewarding day hike or an acclimatisation stage for those aiming for higher camps on the "Normal Route" of Aconcagua. It begins at the Confluencia refuge, a base camp nestled at the confluence of the Horcones and Confluencia rivers, and ascends through the stark, majestic landscape of the Andes to Plaza Francia, a viewpoint offering unparalleled vistas of the formidable South Face of Aconcagua.
This trail is characterised by its dramatic elevation gain, arid alpine environment, and the sheer scale of the surrounding peaks. It demands good physical condition and acclimatisation to altitude, as the path steadily climbs towards the base of the mountain's most imposing wall. While the distance is manageable for a single day, the altitude and terrain make it a significant undertaking. The reward is an intimate encounter with the raw power and grandeur of Aconcagua, a true spectacle for any mountaineer or high-altitude trekker.
The Confluencia to Plaza Francia trek is an essential part of the Aconcagua experience, offering a dramatic introduction to the mountain's south face. Starting from the Confluencia refuge (around 3,400 metres), the trail winds its way up the Horcones Valley, gradually gaining altitude. The landscape is starkly beautiful, dominated by scree slopes, hardy alpine vegetation, and the imposing presence of Aconcagua itself, which looms larger with every kilometre gained.
The path is generally well-defined but can be challenging due to loose scree and the increasing effects of altitude. The air becomes thinner, and the sun's intensity is amplified. As you ascend, the views open up, revealing a panorama of jagged peaks and vast, desolate valleys. The final push to Plaza Francia is a steep climb, but the effort is rewarded with an awe-inspiring, up-close perspective of Aconcagua's South Face – a sheer wall of rock and ice that is one of the most challenging alpine ascents in the world. This viewpoint is a crucial acclimatisation point for climbers aiming for the summit via the Normal Route, allowing them to gauge their physical response to the altitude before proceeding to higher camps.
The trek is typically undertaken as a long day hike from Confluencia, or as part of a multi-day acclimatisation plan. Staying overnight at Confluencia allows for a more relaxed pace and better acclimatisation. The environment is unforgiving; weather can change rapidly, with strong winds and sudden temperature drops being common. Proper preparation and respect for the mountain are paramount for a safe and enjoyable experience.
The Andes have been a natural barrier and a route for human passage for millennia. Indigenous peoples of the region, including the Huarpe people who inhabited the Cuyo region of Argentina, likely traversed these valleys for trade and resources long before European arrival. However, the specific history of the Confluencia to Plaza Francia route is intrinsically linked to the modern exploration and mountaineering history of Aconcagua.
Aconcagua, known as "Aconcagua" in Spanish, is believed to derive its name from the Quechua "Ackon Cahuak," meaning "Stone Sentinel" or "White Sentinel." The mountain has held spiritual significance for indigenous cultures for centuries, with evidence of Inca sacrifices found at high altitudes, suggesting it was a sacred site. The first recorded European attempt to climb Aconcagua was by the Swiss explorer Joseph Redtenbacher in 1883, though he did not reach the summit. The first confirmed ascent was by Swiss mountaineer Matthias Zurbriggen in 1897, via the now-standard Normal Route, which passes through the Horcones Valley and Confluencia.
The route to Plaza Francia, specifically, became important as mountaineers sought to study and attempt the formidable South Face, first climbed in 1954 by a French expedition led by René Ferlet. Plaza Francia serves as the primary viewpoint and a staging area for expeditions targeting this challenging ascent. The establishment of Confluencia as a base camp and the development of the trail to Plaza Francia are part of the infrastructure built to support the growing number of climbers and trekkers drawn to Aconcagua, making it one of the most popular "Seven Summits" (the highest peaks on each continent).
The trekking season for Aconcagua, including the Confluencia to Plaza Francia route, is strictly limited to the austral summer months, from December to March. Outside this period, the park is generally inaccessible due to heavy snow, extreme cold, and dangerous weather conditions.
December: The season begins with generally stable weather, though early December can still experience residual snow from winter. The landscape is beginning to thaw, and hardy alpine flowers may start to appear. Days are long, offering ample daylight for trekking. This is a good time for acclimatisation, as the trails are less crowded than in peak season.
January and February: These are the peak months for Aconcagua expeditions and trekking. The weather is typically at its most stable, with clear skies and warmer temperatures during the day. However, this is also when sandflies can be present at lower altitudes, and the sun's intensity is at its highest. Wind can still be a significant factor, and sudden storms can occur. This period offers the best chance of clear views of the South Face.
March: The season winds down in March. Days become shorter, and temperatures begin to drop. While early March can still offer excellent trekking conditions, the risk of early snowfalls increases towards the end of the month. The crowds also begin to thin out. This can be a good time for those seeking a quieter experience, provided they are prepared for colder conditions.
Weather Reality: Regardless of the month, the weather in the high Andes is notoriously unpredictable. Temperatures can fluctuate dramatically between day and night, and strong winds can make even a clear day feel bitterly cold. Altitude sickness is a significant risk, and trekkers must be prepared for rapid changes in conditions, including snow, hail, and fog, even in summer. The South Face of Aconcagua is known for its extreme weather, and conditions at Plaza Francia can be significantly harsher than at Confluencia.
Early Morning (Approx. 7:00 AM):
Morning (Approx. 7:30 AM - 12:00 PM): Ascent through Horcones Valley
Midday (Approx. 12:00 PM - 1:00 PM): Arrival at Plaza Francia
Afternoon (Approx. 1:00 PM - 5:00 PM): Descent and Return to Confluencia
Day 1: Horcones to Confluencia
Day 2: Confluencia to Plaza Francia and Return
Day 3: Confluencia to Horcones and Departure
Important Notes:
The journey to Confluencia and Plaza Francia begins in Mendoza, a vibrant city at the foothills of the Andes. Mendoza is the primary logistical hub for Aconcagua expeditions and offers all necessary services, including gear rental, expedition outfitters, and experienced guides. It is crucial to arrange your park permits and transport to the Aconcagua Provincial Park entrance at Horcones well in advance. This typically involves booking a transfer from Mendoza to Penitentes, and then a 4x4 vehicle or taxi from Penitentes to Horcones, as the road can be rough and is often closed to standard vehicles.
Fitness is paramount. While the trek to Plaza Francia is a day hike, it involves significant elevation gain (800 m) at high altitude (up to 4,200 m). A good level of cardiovascular fitness and prior experience with hiking in mountainous terrain are essential. Acclimatisation is key; spending at least one night at Confluencia (around 3,400 m) before attempting the trek to Plaza Francia is highly recommended to reduce the risk of altitude sickness.
Base Town Information:
The Confluencia to Plaza Francia route is primarily a day hike from the Confluencia base camp. Overnight accommodation options are limited to Confluencia itself.
Confluencia Refuge and Campsite:
Plaza Francia: This is a viewpoint and a staging area, not an accommodation site. No camping or facilities are available at Plaza Francia. Trekkers must return to Confluencia for overnight stays.
Entry into Aconcagua Provincial Park requires a permit, which must be obtained in advance. These permits are issued by the provincial government of Mendoza and are essential for all visitors, whether they are climbers, trekkers, or support staff. The cost and type of permit vary depending on the duration of your stay and the activities you plan to undertake.
Permit Acquisition:
Permit Types and Costs:
As of recent information, a trekking permit for a short duration (e.g., 1-3 days) might cost in the range of USD $50-100 per person. Climbing permits can range from USD $800 to over $1,000. It is crucial to check the official Aconcagua Provincial Park website for the most up-to-date information on permit types, costs, and application procedures.
Registration at Horcones: Upon arrival at the Horcones entrance, you must present your permit and register with the park rangers. They will provide important information regarding park regulations, safety guidelines, and current conditions. Failure to register can result in fines or denial of entry.
Important Considerations:
Detailed route notes, maps, logistics & tips for the Confluencia Plaza Francia (PDF).
Precisely traced GPX for the Confluencia Plaza Francia, ready for your GPS or favourite mapping app.
While the trek to Plaza Francia is a highlight, the Aconcagua Provincial Park and its surroundings offer several other activities for visitors:
Altitude Sickness (Acute Mountain Sickness - AMS): This is the most significant risk on the Confluencia to Plaza Francia trek. Symptoms can include headache, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, and shortness of breath. The best prevention is gradual acclimatisation. Spending a night at Confluencia before ascending to Plaza Francia is highly recommended. If symptoms develop, descend immediately. Consult a doctor about preventative medication like Diamox.
Weather: The Andean weather is highly unpredictable. Conditions can change from clear and sunny to windy, cold, and snowy within hours. Always check the forecast before setting out and be prepared for all conditions. Temperatures at Plaza Francia can be well below freezing, especially with wind chill.
Terrain: The trail consists of loose scree, gravel, and rocky sections. This can be challenging for footing, especially on the descent. Trekking poles are invaluable for stability and reducing impact on joints.
Sun Exposure: The sun's rays are intense at high altitudes due to the thinner atmosphere. High SPF sunscreen, lip balm, sunglasses, and a hat are essential to prevent sunburn and snow blindness.
Hydration and Nutrition: Dehydration can exacerbate altitude sickness. Drink plenty of water throughout the trek. Carry high-energy snacks to maintain your energy levels.
Communication: Mobile phone reception is generally non-existent on the trail. Inform someone of your plans and expected return time. Consider carrying a personal locator beacon (PLB) or satellite phone for emergencies.
Park Regulations: Adhere to all park rules and regulations. This includes staying on marked trails, not littering, and respecting the natural environment. Rangers are present to ensure safety and enforce regulations.
Emergency Procedures: In case of an emergency, contact park rangers at Horcones or use your PLB/satellite phone. Be aware of evacuation procedures, which may involve 4x4 vehicles or, in severe cases, helicopter rescue (which is extremely expensive).
Aconcagua South Face Viewpoint: The primary objective of this trek. Plaza Francia offers an unparalleled, up-close perspective of Aconcagua's South Face, one of the most imposing and challenging walls in the world. The sheer scale and verticality of the face are awe-inspiring, providing a profound sense of the mountain's immensity.
Horcones Valley: The entire valley leading up to Plaza Francia is a point of interest. The stark, arid beauty of the high Andes is evident in the scree slopes, sparse vegetation, and dramatic rock formations. The changing light on the mountains throughout the day creates a constantly shifting panorama.
Aconcagua Provincial Park Entrance (Horcones): Even the park entrance area offers views and a sense of arrival. The ranger station and visitor centre provide context for the natural and human history of the region.
Plaza de Mulas Trail (Partial): While not a side trip for day hikers, the trail continues beyond Plaza Francia towards Plaza de Mulas. Even walking a portion of this path offers a glimpse into the route taken by serious mountaineers and provides different angles of the surrounding peaks.
Geological Formations: The area is rich in geological interest, with evidence of glacial activity and volcanic processes visible in the rock strata and landforms. Keep an eye out for interesting rock types and erosion patterns.
The Aconcagua Provincial Park is a fragile high-altitude ecosystem that requires the utmost respect from all visitors. Adhering to Leave No Trace principles is not just recommended; it is essential for preserving this unique environment for future generations.
1. Plan Ahead and Prepare: Understand the conditions, obtain necessary permits, and pack appropriately. Know the risks associated with altitude and weather. Inform someone of your plans.
2. Travel and Camp on Durable Surfaces: Stick to established trails. The vegetation at high altitudes is sparse and slow-growing; avoid trampling it. At Confluencia, use designated campsites.
3. Dispose of Waste Properly: Pack out everything you pack in, including all food scraps, wrappers, and toilet paper. Use designated toilet facilities at Confluencia. Do not bury waste; it does not decompose effectively at high altitudes.
4. Leave What You Find: Do not take rocks, plants, or any natural or cultural artifacts. Leave the environment as you found it.
5. Minimize Campfire Impacts: Campfires are generally prohibited in Aconcagua Provincial Park due to the risk of wildfires and the scarcity of fuel. Use portable stoves for cooking.
6. Respect Wildlife: Observe wildlife from a distance. Do not feed any animals, as this can disrupt their natural behaviour and diet. The high-Andean environment supports unique, albeit sparse, wildlife.
7. Be Considerate of Other Visitors: Maintain a respectful distance from other trekkers and climbers. Keep noise levels down to appreciate the natural quiet of the mountains.
By following these principles, you contribute to the conservation of Aconcagua and ensure that its majestic beauty can be experienced by others for years to come.
