USA — Waynesboro
Hike the longest section of the Appalachian Trail in the USA, an 870km stretch through Virginia's diverse mountain ranges. This very challenging route, taking 30-40 days, offers profound immersion in the natural beauty and historic wilderness of the Blue Ridge Mountains and Shenandoah National Park. Expect varied terrain, stunning panoramas, and a true test of endurance.
Distance: 870.0 km
Elevation Gain: 18000 m
Difficulty: Very Challenging
Duration: 30-40 days
The Appalachian Trail (AT) is one of the most celebrated long-distance hiking routes in the world, stretching over 3,500 kilometres from Georgia to Maine. Virginia boasts the longest section of the AT, a staggering 870 kilometres that traverses the state's diverse mountain ranges, including the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Shenandoah National Park. This extensive stretch offers a profound immersion into the natural beauty and rich history of the Appalachian region. From the misty peaks of the Blue Ridge to the rolling hills and dense forests, Virginia's AT is a journey of endurance, discovery, and unparalleled scenic vistas. It is a path that winds through ancient forests, crosses crystal-clear streams, and offers glimpses of wildlife, making it a quintessential experience for thru-hikers and section hikers alike.
Virginia's 870-kilometre segment of the Appalachian Trail is a significant portion of the entire trail, offering a concentrated dose of the AT's diverse character. The trail enters Virginia from the south, near Damascus, and winds its way north, passing through the iconic Shenandoah National Park before exiting the state near Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. This section is renowned for its accessibility, well-maintained paths, and the sheer variety of landscapes it encompasses. Hikers will experience everything from the rugged beauty of the Great Smoky Mountains (though the AT only skirts the edges of Virginia's portion of the Smokies) to the gentler, rolling terrain of the Blue Ridge Mountains. The Shenandoah National Park, in particular, offers breathtaking panoramic views, abundant wildlife, and a network of access points that make it popular for both short excursions and extended treks.
The elevation gain of 18,000 metres over this distance signifies a consistently undulating terrain. While there are no single colossal ascents like some western mountain ranges, the cumulative effect of numerous climbs and descents makes this section physically demanding. The trail often follows ridgelines, providing spectacular views, but also means frequent ascents and descents. Water sources are generally plentiful, especially in the spring and early summer, but can become less reliable during dry spells in late summer and autumn. The trail passes through numerous towns and trail towns, offering opportunities for resupply, rest, and a taste of local culture. These resupply points are crucial for thru-hikers planning their logistics.
Virginia's AT is also steeped in history. It traverses lands that were once home to Native American tribes, played a role in colonial expansion, and served as a vital corridor during the Civil War. Hikers may encounter historical markers, old homestead sites, and remnants of past human activity, adding a layer of historical context to the natural beauty. The trail's passage through Shenandoah National Park is a highlight, offering access to Skyline Drive, numerous overlooks, and a chance to see black bears, white-tailed deer, and a variety of bird species in their natural habitat. The combination of challenging hiking, stunning scenery, and historical significance makes Virginia's Appalachian Trail a truly memorable experience.
The Appalachian Trail's history in Virginia is deeply intertwined with the broader narrative of the trail's conception and development. The idea of a continuous footpath along the Appalachian Mountains was first proposed by Benton MacKaye in 1921. Virginia, with its extensive mountain ranges, quickly became a focal point for early trail building efforts. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) played a pivotal role in constructing and maintaining significant portions of the trail in Virginia during the 1930s, particularly within Shenandoah National Park. Their work established much of the route that hikers still follow today.
The trail's path through Virginia reflects centuries of human interaction with the landscape. Indigenous peoples, including the Cherokee, Catawba, and Monacan tribes, utilized these mountains for millennia, following game trails and seasonal routes that often paralleled what would become the AT. European settlers later arrived, clearing land for farms and establishing communities. The trail passes through areas that were once frontier settlements, sites of Civil War skirmishes, and regions that experienced significant logging and industrial activity in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Shenandoah National Park, established in 1935, is a major feature of the Virginia AT. The creation of the park involved the displacement of numerous rural communities, a complex and often painful chapter in the region's history. The AT runs concurrently with Skyline Drive for much of its length within the park, a scenic road built by the CCC that offers unparalleled access to the mountain vistas. This juxtaposition of a wild footpath and a modern highway highlights the evolving relationship between humans and the natural environment. The trail's journey through Virginia is not just a physical one, but also a passage through layers of human history, from ancient indigenous trails to the legacy of conservation efforts and the echoes of past lives lived in these mountains.
The Appalachian Trail in Virginia experiences four distinct seasons, each offering a unique hiking experience and presenting different challenges.
Spring (April-May): This is a popular time for thru-hikers to begin their journey northbound, as they emerge from the colder climate of Georgia. Wildflowers begin to bloom, with dogwoods and rhododendrons adding vibrant colour to the landscape. Temperatures are generally mild, though late frosts and snow are possible at higher elevations, especially in early April. Water sources are typically abundant. The trail can be muddy after spring rains.
Summer (June-August): Summer brings warm to hot temperatures, particularly in July and August. Humidity can be high, making for strenuous hiking. Thunderstorms are common in the afternoons, often bringing heavy rain and lightning. Wildlife, including black bears, is very active. This is peak season for day hikers and section hikers, so popular areas like Shenandoah National Park can be crowded. Water sources remain generally reliable, but some smaller springs may dry up in late summer.
Autumn (September-October): This is arguably the most beautiful season for hiking the Virginia AT. The foliage transforms into a spectacular display of reds, oranges, and yellows. Temperatures are cooler and more pleasant, with crisp mornings and mild afternoons. Humidity decreases, and the risk of thunderstorms lessens. This is a prime time for section hikers and those seeking a more comfortable thru-hiking experience. Water sources can become less reliable as the season progresses, and early snow is possible in late October.
Winter (November-March): Winter hiking on the Virginia AT can be challenging but rewarding for experienced and well-prepared individuals. Temperatures can drop well below freezing, with significant snowfall common, especially at higher elevations. Ice can make the trail treacherous, requiring the use of microspikes or crampons. Many water sources may freeze over, necessitating careful planning for water procurement. Shelters and campsites can be less crowded, offering a more solitary experience. However, extreme weather conditions, including blizzards and ice storms, can lead to trail closures or hazardous conditions. Daylight hours are significantly shorter, requiring careful time management.
This itinerary focuses on a section hike, highlighting key points and distances. Thru-hikers will follow a similar progression but over a much longer period.
Day 1: Damascus, VA to Iron Mountain Gap
Day 2: Iron Mountain Gap to Whitetop Mountain Area
Day 3: Whitetop Mountain Area to Mount Rogers Area
Day 4: Mount Rogers Area to Marion, VA Area
Day 5: Marion, VA Area to Atkins, VA Area
Day 6: Atkins, VA Area to Wytheville, VA Area
Day 7: Wytheville, VA Area to Rural Retreat, VA Area
Day 8: Rural Retreat, VA Area to Pearisburg, VA Area
Day 9: Pearisburg, VA Area to Giles County, VA
Day 10: Giles County, VA to Catawba, VA Area
Day 11: Catawba, VA Area to McAfee Knob Area
Day 12: McAfee Knob Area to Tinker Cliffs Area
Day 13: Tinker Cliffs Area to Daleville, VA Area
Day 14: Daleville, VA Area to Blackrock Summit Area
Day 15: Blackrock Summit Area to Riprap Trail Area
Day 16: Riprap Trail Area to Loft Mountain Campground Area
Day 17: Loft Mountain Campground Area to Big Meadows Area
Day 18: Big Meadows Area to Skyland Resort Area
Day 19: Skyland Resort Area to Thornton Gap Area
Day 20: Thornton Gap Area to Bearfence Mountain Area
Day 21: Bearfence Mountain Area to Front Royal, VA Area
Note: This is a sample itinerary and can be adjusted based on individual pace, fitness, and desired resupply points. Thru-hikers will spend significantly longer on this section, averaging 16-24 km per day.
Planning for the Virginia section of the Appalachian Trail requires careful consideration of logistics, especially for thru-hikers. For section hikers, the focus shifts to specific entry and exit points. Regardless of your hiking style, understanding the trail's terrain, potential weather, and resupply options is crucial. Virginia's AT is known for its accessibility, with numerous road crossings and trail towns providing opportunities for resupply and rest. However, the sheer length of the section means that meticulous planning is still essential. Consider your fitness level, the time of year you plan to hike, and your desired pace. For thru-hikers, coordinating resupply points is paramount, often involving mail drops or frequent stops in towns like Damascus, Marion, Wytheville, and Front Royal. Shenandoah National Park has specific regulations regarding camping and permits, which must be researched and adhered to.
The Appalachian Trail in Virginia offers a variety of accommodation options:
Booking Requirements: For shelters and tent sites along the AT outside of Shenandoah National Park, no advance booking is typically required. They operate on a first-come, first-served basis. However, for developed campgrounds and lodging in trail towns, advance booking is highly recommended, especially during peak season (spring and autumn).
Seasonal Availability: All accommodation types are generally available year-round, but winter conditions can make access to some remote sites difficult or impossible. Shelters and tent sites are always accessible, weather permitting. Lodging in towns is available year-round.
Costs: Shelters and tent sites are generally free. Developed campgrounds typically range from US$15-30 per night. Hostels can cost US$25-40 per night, and motels/hotels vary widely from US$60-150+ per night.
For the majority of the Appalachian Trail in Virginia, outside of Shenandoah National Park, no specific permits are required for hiking or dispersed camping. The trail is managed by various entities, including the U.S. Forest Service and the Appalachian Trail Conservancy (ATC), and access is generally open to the public.
Shenandoah National Park: Within Shenandoah National Park, overnight backcountry camping requires a permit. These permits are free and can be obtained in several ways:
Other Areas: For sections of the AT managed by the U.S. Forest Service (e.g., Mount Rogers National Recreation Area), dispersed camping is often allowed following Leave No Trace principles. However, it's always wise to check the specific regulations for the particular national forest or recreation area you will be hiking through. Information can usually be found on the relevant U.S. Forest Service district websites.
Thru-Hiker Considerations: Thru-hikers generally do not need individual permits for the entire trail. However, they must adhere to all local regulations, including those within Shenandoah National Park. Many thru-hikers choose to camp in designated areas or utilize shelters and hostels in trail towns.
Important Note: Always verify the most current permit requirements and regulations directly with the managing agencies (National Park Service, U.S. Forest Service, Appalachian Trail Conservancy) before your hike, as rules can change.
Detailed route notes, maps, logistics & tips for the Appalachian Trail Virginia Section (PDF).
Precisely traced GPX for the Appalachian Trail Virginia Section, ready for your GPS or favourite mapping app.
Beyond hiking the Appalachian Trail, Virginia offers a wealth of activities for outdoor enthusiasts and history buffs:
Pre-Trip Planning:
On the Trail:
McAfee Knob: A must-see landmark on the AT in Virginia, McAfee Knob offers one of the most iconic views along the entire trail. A short, relatively strenuous hike from the parking area leads to a rocky outcrop providing breathtaking panoramic vistas of the surrounding mountains and valleys. It's a popular spot for day hikers and thru-hikers alike.
Tinker Cliffs: Located north of McAfee Knob, Tinker Cliffs is another spectacular viewpoint along the AT. The trail traverses a series of rocky ledges offering expansive views, particularly impressive during autumn foliage season.
Mount Rogers: While the AT does not summit Mount Rogers (Virginia's highest peak at 1,748 metres), it passes nearby. A side trip to the summit is highly recommended for those seeking the highest point in the state. The area is known for its unique spruce-fir forests and wild ponies.
Whitetop Mountain: The second-highest peak in Virginia, Whitetop Mountain offers excellent hiking opportunities and scenic views. The AT passes close to its summit, providing access for those wishing to explore this prominent mountain.
Damascus, Virginia: This charming trail town is a destination in itself. Known as the "Friendliest Small Town on the Appalachian Trail," it's a vibrant hub for hikers, especially during the annual Trail Days festival. The town also serves as a gateway to the Virginia Creeper Trail.
Shenandoah National Park Overlooks: While hiking the AT within Shenandoah, you'll often be near Skyline Drive. Numerous overlooks provide stunning views of the Shenandoah Valley to the west and the Piedmont region to the east. These are easily accessible for short breaks or photo opportunities.
Big Meadows: A large, open expanse within Shenandoah National Park, Big Meadows is a popular spot for wildlife viewing (especially deer and black bears) and offers a lodge, visitor centre, and campground. The AT passes directly through this area.
Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Although technically outside of Virginia, the AT passes through Harpers Ferry, the historic headquarters of the Appalachian Trail Conservancy. It's a significant landmark and a popular destination for hikers to visit the ATC headquarters and explore the charming town.
Adhering to Leave No Trace (LNT) principles is paramount for preserving the natural beauty and ecological integrity of the Appalachian Trail in Virginia. These principles are designed to minimise human impact on the environment, ensuring that the trail remains a wild and enjoyable place for future generations.
The Seven Principles of Leave No Trace:
By following these principles, hikers can significantly reduce their impact on the Appalachian Trail and contribute to its long-term preservation. The trail's popularity means that even small impacts can accumulate, making LNT practices essential for everyone who walks its path.
